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008    231009s2023    dcu     o     000 0 eng d
024 7  10.1596/1813-9450-10371
035    (CKB)5840000000243530
035    (NjHacI)995840000000243530
035    (EXLCZ)995840000000243530
040    NjHacI |beng |erda |cNjHacl
050  4 HD2755.5 |b.G46 2023
082 04 338.88 |223
100 1  Ghose, Devaki, |eauthor.
245 10 Offshoring response to high-skilled immigration : |ba firm-level analysis / |cDevaki Ghose, Zhiling Wang.
246    Offshoring Response to High-Skilled Immigration
264  1 Washington, District of Columbia : |bWorld Bank, |c2023.
300    1 online resource (50 pages).
336    text |btxt |2rdacontent
337    computer |bc |2rdamedia
338    online resource |bcr |2rdacarrier
490 1  Policy research working papers ; |v10371
588    Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.
520    Using a policy change in the Netherlands in 2012 that made it easier and less costly for firms to employ high-skilled short-stay non-European Union workers and a matched employer-employee data, this paper shows that firms in high-skill industries respond by both employing a higher share of non-European Union immigrants and increasing the total amount of offshoring to non-European Union countries. With reduced costs of hiring short-stay non-European Union workers, small firms hire and fire more non-European Union workers in a given year. Many of these workers return to their home countries, establishing direct connections that boost offshoring to firms in the Netherlands. By contrast, large firms absorb some of the workers leaving the small firms. These workers also establish connections between their host and origin countries, boosting offshoring.
650  0 International business enterprises.
700 1  Wang, Zhiling, |eauthor.
830  0 Policy research working papers ; |v10371.
906    BOOK