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008    020129s2018    dcu     o    i00  0 eng^^
024 7  10.1596/29275 |2doi
035    (CKB)4920000001212562
035    (The World Bank)29275
035    (US-djbf)29275
035    (EXLCZ)994920000001212562
040    DJBF |beng |cDJBF |erda
100 1  Holzmann, Robert.
245 10 Managed Labor Migration in Afghanistan : |bExploring Employment and Growth Opportunities for Afghanistan / |cRobert Holzmann.
246    Managed Labor Migration in Afghanistan
264  1 Washington, D.C. : |bThe World Bank, |c2018.
336    text |btxt |2rdacontent
337    computer |bc |2rdamedia
338    online resource |bcr |2rdacarrier
347    data file |2rda
490 1  Other papers
520 3  Afghanistan's economic prospects are dim and its growth options limited. This puts pressure on the labor market, with 400,000 new entrants joining the labor force annually. As in the past, this will likely lead to mostly illegal emigration with limited employment prospects and wages in neighboring countries (Pakistan, Iran) and beyond. This is unfortunate given Afghanistan's geographic proximity to the world's third largest migration destination region behind North America and Europe: the countries of the Gulf Coordination Council (GCC). For some time now, various Asian countries have used managed labor migration as a means to secure temporary and legal jobs for their surplus labor, garnering higher wages and opportunities to transfer income back to their families, save for future investments, and gain work experience and higher skills. Managed labor migration based on well-designed bilateral labor agreements that reflect the objectives of both the labor-sending and labor-receiving country could open opportunities for Afghanistan in GCC countries and even in higher wage labor markets, provided that adequate labor-sending systems are in place. This paper explores the use of managed labor migration as an instrument for employment for the Afghan labor force and for economic growth. It investigates the supply of and demand side for managed migration flows, estimates the impact on the volume of remittances sent back, and examines the possible impact of formal labor migration opportunities on skills formation of migrants and of the labor force remaining home. These quantitative profiles of remittances and skills are explored with a country-calibrated computable general equilibrium model to estimate the impact on output, economic growth, and other relevant economic outcomes; they may trigger policy action to make managed labor migration a reality in Afghanistan.
650  4 Conflict and Development
650  4 International Migration
650  4 Labor Markets
650  4 Macroeconomics and Economic Growth
650  4 Poverty Reduction
650  4 Remittances
650  4 Social Protections and Labor
700 1  Holzmann, Robert.
830  0 Other papers.
830  0 World Bank e-Library.
906    BOOK