LEADER 03158cam a22005895i 4500001 99131234327706421 005 20210430181805.0 006 m d 007 cr cn||||||||| 008 160311s2021 dcu o i00 0 eng^^ 024 8 10.1596/1813-9450-9565 |2doi 035 (The World Bank)9565 035 (CKB)4100000011913255 035 (US-djbf)9565 035 (EXLCZ)994100000011913255 040 DJBF |beng |cDJBF |erda 100 1 Evenett, Simon J. 245 14 The Covid-19 Vaccine Production Club : |bWill Value Chains Temper Nationalism? / |cSimon J. Evenett. 246 Covid-19 Vaccine Production Club 264 1 Washington, D.C. : |bThe World Bank, |c2021. 300 1 online resource (34 pages) 336 text |btxt |2rdacontent 337 computer |bc |2rdamedia 338 online resource |bcr |2rdacarrier 347 data file |2rda 520 3 In the first two months of 2021, the production of COVID-19 vaccines has suffered setbacks delaying the implementation of national inoculation strategies. These delays have revealed the concentration of vaccine manufacture in a small club of producer nations, which in turn has implications for the degree to which cross-border value chains can deter more aggressive forms of Vaccine Nationalism, such as export curbs. This paper documents the existence of this club, taking account of not just the production of final vaccines but also the ingredients of and items needed to manufacture and distribute COVID-19 vaccines. During 2017-19, vaccine producing nations sourced 88 percent of their key vaccine ingredients from other vaccine producing trading partners. Combined with the growing number of mutations of COVID-19 and the realization that this coronavirus is likely to become a permanent endemic global health threat, this finding calls for a rethink of the policy calculus towards ramping up the production and distribution of COVID-19 vaccines, its ingredients, and the various items needed to deliver them. The more approved vaccines that are safely produced, the smaller will be the temptation to succumb to zero-sum Vaccine Nationalism. 650 4 Coronavirus 650 4 COVID-19 Vaccination 650 4 Disease Control and Prevention 650 4 Export Ban 650 4 Export Control 650 4 Health Care Services Industry 650 4 Health, Nutrition and Population 650 4 Immunizations 650 4 Industry 650 4 International Economics and Trade 650 4 Lipids 650 4 MRNA 650 4 Nitrile Glove 650 4 Pharmaceuticals and Pharmacoeconomics 650 4 Rules of Origin 650 4 Syringe 650 4 Trade Policy 650 4 Vaccine Nationalism 650 4 Vaccine Production 650 4 Value Chain 650 4 Vial 700 1 Hoekman, Bernard. 700 1 Rocha, Nadia. 700 1 Ruta, Michele. 830 0 Policy research working papers. 830 0 World Bank e-Library. 906 BOOK