LEADER 03412cam a22004455i 4500001 99131234281306421 005 20210809181805.0 006 m d 007 cr cn||||||||| 008 160311s2021 dcu o i00 0 eng^^ 020 1-4648-1584-4 024 7 10.1596/978-1-4648-1584-3 035 (CKB)4100000012153140 035 (The World Bank)211584 035 (US-djbf)211584 035 (EXLCZ)994100000012153140 040 DJBF |beng |cDJBF |erda 100 1 Aritua, Bernard. 245 10 Blue Routes for a New Era : |bDeveloping Inland Waterways Transportation in China / |cBernard Aritua. 246 Blue Routes for a New Era 264 1 Washington, D.C. : |bThe World Bank, |c2021. 300 1 online resource (144 pages) 336 text |btxt |2rdacontent 337 computer |bc |2rdamedia 338 online resource |bcr |2rdacarrier 347 data file |2rda 490 1 International Development in Focus 520 3 Most policy makers readily acknowledge the economic, environmental, and social benefits of moving freight and passengers by waterways. However, why do many countries struggle to develop and revive their inland waterways transportation (IWT)? One reason is because of the dearth of successful examples of IWT revival. Aside from the United States and Europe, which have been relatively successful, the experience of many emerging countries has been a tale of intensive use followed by total collapse of the IWT sector. However, the combination of societal, economic, and environmental imperatives is motivating reassessment, as countries look to develop sustainable transport systems and to curb greenhouse gas emissions from the transport sector. China's experience has similarities to the experience of many countries and offers valuable lessons. This report is the result of an in-depth retrospective study of IWT in China and fills a gap in global knowledge. From an IWT system that carried less than 150 million tons in 1978, IWT in China carried 3.74 billion tons of cargo in 2018--six times more than either the European Union or the United States. China now has the busiest IWT system in the world. China's leadership in IWT development started with years of investment in infrastructure that transformed lowgrade waterways, allowing larger vessels to use the waterways, which resulted in higher transport efficiency and lower cost. China also invested in development of skills and technical know-how. To date there are 127,000 km of inland waterways in China that have high-quality navigability and a good safety record. During the period of rapid economic development, China also adopted or developed internationally recognized technical innovations for river classification, vessel replacement, navigation technology, and environmental protection. What China achieved is informative. In particular, how and why China improved IWT provides valuable lessons for other countries. 588 Description based on print version record. 650 4 Economic Corridors 650 4 Greenhouse Gas Emissions 650 4 Inland Waterways 650 4 Logistics 650 4 Modal Shift 650 4 Multimodal Infrastructure 650 4 Sustainable Infrastructure 650 4 Transport Policy 650 4 Transportation 700 1 Cheng, Lu. 700 1 de Leijer, Harrie. 700 1 van Liere, Richard. 830 0 World Bank e-Library. 906 BOOK