LEADER 04337cam a22007815i 4500001 99131233649706421 006 m d 007 cr cn||||||||| 008 020129s2002 dcu o i001 0 eng^^ 024 8 10.1596/1813-9450-2836 |2doi 035 (The World Bank)2836 035 (CKB)1000000000796123 035 (US-djbf)2836 035 (EXLCZ)991000000000796123 040 DJBF |beng |cDJBF |erda 100 1 Baulch, Bob 210 ETHNIC MINORITY DEVELOPMENT IN VIETNAM 245 10 Ethnic Minority Development in Vietnam : |bA Socioeconomic Perspective / |cBaulch, Bob 264 1 Washington, D.C., |bThe World Bank, |c2002 300 1 online resource (32 pages) 336 text |btxt |2rdacontent 337 computer |bc |2rdamedia 338 online resource |bcr |2rdacarrier 347 data file |2rda 520 3 Baulch, Chuyen, Haughton, and Haughton examine the latest quantitative evidence on disparities in living standards between and among different ethnic groups in Vietnam. Using data from the 1998 Vietnam Living Standards Survey and 1999 Census, they show that Kinh and Hoa ("majority") households have substantially higher living standards than "minority" households from Vietnam's other 52 ethnic groups. Subdividing the population into five broad categories, the authors find that while the Kinh, Hoa, Khmer, and Northern Highland minorities have benefited from economic growth in the 1990s, the growth of Central Highland minorities has stagnated. Disaggregating further, they find that the same ethnic groups whose living standards have risen fastest are those that have the highest school enrollment rates, are most likely to intermarry with Kinh partners, and are the least likely to practice a religion. The authors then estimate and decompose a set of expenditure regressions which show that even if minority households had the same endowments as Kinh households, this would close no more than a third of the gap in per capita expenditures. While some ethnic minorities seem to be doing well with a strategy of assimilating (both culturally and economically) with the Kinh-Hoa majority, other groups are attempting to integrate economically while retaining distinct cultural identities. A third group comprising the Central Highland minorities, including the Hmong, is largely being left behind by the growth process. Such diversity in the socioeconomic development experiences of the different ethnic minorities indicates the need for similar diversity in the policy interventions that are designed to assist them. This paper-a product of Macroeconomics and Growth, Development Research Group-is part of a larger effort in the group to study household welfare and poverty reduction in Vietnam. Jonathan Haughton may be contacted at jhaughto@beaconhill.org. 650 4 Adoption 650 4 Anthropology 650 4 Communities & Human Settlements 650 4 Culture & Development 650 4 Disability 650 4 Economic Growth 650 4 Education 650 4 Education for All 650 4 Ethnic Groups 650 4 Fertility 650 4 Fertility Rate 650 4 Gender 650 4 Gender and Education 650 4 Health, Nutrition and Population 650 4 Housing and Human Habitats 650 4 Human Capital 650 4 Living Standards 650 4 Minority 650 4 Policy 650 4 Population 650 4 Population Policies 650 4 Populations 650 4 Poverty 650 4 Poverty Reduction 650 4 Primary Education 650 4 Rural Development 650 4 Rural Poverty 650 4 Rural Poverty Reduction 650 4 School Enrolment 650 4 Small Area Estimation Poverty Mapping 650 4 Social Protections and Labor 650 4 Socioeconomic Development 650 4 Socioeconomic Differences 650 4 Urban Areas 650 4 Women 650 4 Workshop 650 4 Young Children 700 1 Baulch, Bob 700 1 Chuyen, Kim Thi Truong 700 1 Haughton, Dominique 700 1 Haughton, Jonathan 830 0 Policy research working papers. 830 0 World Bank e-Library. 906 BOOK