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Refugees, self-reliance, development : a critical history / Evan Easton-Calabria.
Author
Easton-Calabria, Evan Elise
[Browse]
Format
Book
Language
English
Εdition
1st ed.
Published/Created
Bristol, England : Bristol University Press, [2022]
©2022
Description
1 online resource (252 pages)
Availability
Available Online
JSTOR DDA
Details
Subject(s)
Self-reliance
[Browse]
Refugees
—
Economic conditions
[Browse]
Summary note
With five case studies from Greece, Tanzania, Pakistan, Uganda, and Egypt, this book tracks refugee self-reliance as a malleable concept used to pursue ulterior interests. It reshapes understandings of refugee self-reliance and delivers important messages for contemporary policymaking.
Notes
Description based upon print version of record.
Bibliographic references
Includes bibliographical references (pages [208]-230) and index.
Source of description
Description based on print version record.
Contents
Front Cover
Refugees, Self- Reliance, Development: A Critical History
Copyright information
Dedication
Epigraph
Table of contents
List of Figures and Tables
Abbreviations and Acronyms
Notes on the Author
Acknowledgments
1 Introduction: Why Refugee Self-Reliance?
Discussions of refugee self-reliance today
'Solving' refugees' lack of self-reliance
Refugees as economic subjects
Main arguments and themes
Why historicize refugee self-reliance?
Situating the story: academic disciplines and theoretical approaches
The geography of refugee self-reliance
Where does the story come from? Sources and methods
A note on terminology
Chapter overview
Chapter 2: Self-sufficiency out of necessity: refugee self-reliance assistance in interwar Greece
Chapter 3: Socialism and self-reliance: refugee assistance in post-colonial East Africa
Chapter 4: Warriors of self-reliance: refugee self-reliance in Cold War Pakistan
Chapter 5: Dignity in informality? Urban refugee self-reliance assistance in Kampala, Uganda
Chapter 6: Livelihoods 2.0? Refugee self-reliance and the digital gig economy
Conclusion
2 Self-Sufficiency out of Necessity: Refugee Self-Reliance Assistance in Interwar Greece
Introduction
The League of Nations and refugee self-reliance
Self-reliance assistance in interwar Greece
Refugee self-reliance assistance practices
Agricultural settlement
Urban refugee settlements
Loans for refugees and the refugee-led revolving fund
Vocational training and small-scale industries
Refugee employment and ILO's employment-matching scheme
The Refugee Loan
The Great Depression and refugee settlement
Shifting conceptions of refugees as workers
3 Socialism and Self-Reliance: Refugee Self-Reliance Assistance in Post-Colonial East Africa
Introduction.
Decolonization and the advent of refugee assistance in Africa
Zonal development and refugee self-reliance
The 'development project' and refugee agency
Refugee self-reliance assistance in post-colonial Tanzania
Self-reliance assistance in the Mwese refugee settlement
The structure of refugee self-reliance assistance
Refugee self-reliance, politics, exploitation
Refugee self-reliance in Tanzania
The longer history of integrated rural development programmes
Colonialism and refugee self-reliance
4 Warriors of Self-Reliance: Refugee Self-Reliance Assistance in Cold War Pakistan
UNHCR's 'Refugee Aid and Development Strategy'
Refugee self-reliance assistance to Afghan refugees in Pakistan
1979-1985: emergency relief and waged employment
The UNHCR/World Bank project
1986-1989: dependency syndrome and psychosocial support
From wage-based employment to psychosocial protection
1989-1995: self-reliance as a protection tool
Self-reliance and cuts to food rations
The gendered nature of self-reliance
The early 1990s: repatriation and the 'Afghanisation' of NGOs
Self-reliance, dependency - and welfare?
The 'internationalization' of welfare and economic discourse
Domestic to international policy shifts
Notions of dependency and welfare
Vulnerable populations of refugees
5 Dignity in Informality? Urban Refugee Self-Reliance Assistance in Kampala, Uganda
Repatriation, Targeted Development Assistance, and refugee livelihoods
Refugee self-reliance assistance in Uganda
Providers of livelihoods assistance in Kampala
Self-reliance assistance practices in Kampala
The structure of livelihoods trainings
The challenges of creating livelihoods
Access to markets and capital.
Local authorities and livelihoods
Fostering livelihoods, promoting protection?
Local and international discourses on self-reliance
Non-economic benefits of livelihoods trainings
The disappointing gap between refugee livelihoods' rhetoric and reality
Refugees as urban market subjects
Lack of practical steps to support individual refugee self-reliance
The structural factors of self-reliance
Self-reliance and quality of life
The instrumentalization of refugee self-reliance assistance
6 Livelihoods 2.0? Refugee Self-Reliance and the Digital Gig Economy
'Enhancing' refugee self-reliance and digital access
Tomooh: a digital livelihood in Cairo, Egypt
Tomooh
The digital livelihoods landscape for refugees
The geography of digital work initiatives for refugees
Types of digital work for refugees
Types of assistance actors promoting digital livelihoods
Online work platforms and refugee self-reliance
Informal digital trade
Challenges and barriers to digital work for refugees
'Ideal' refugee self-reliance and the (worrying) future of work
Linkages to the future of work
7 Conclusion
Theoretical contributions to the study of refugee self-reliance
Take-aways for policy and practice: what have we learned?
Self-reliance, development, and welfare
From bottom-up to top-down
The outcomes of refugee self-reliance assistance
Poverty and self-reliance
Final word
A note on connecting historical and contemporary methods and cases
Annex: A Note on Methods and Sources
References
Primary literature
Afghanistan Center Archives, Kabul University (Digital archive)
Brainerd P. Salmon Private Papers (Hoover Institution Archives, Stanford University).
General Boxes, University of Oxford Refugee Studies Centre Grey Literature Collection (Oxford, UK)
International Labour Organization Archive (UN, Geneva)
League of Nations Archive (UN, Geneva)
Neldner Collection (University of Oxford Refugee Studies Centre Grey Literature Collection, Oxford, UK)
Ruth A. Palmeree Private Papers (Hoover Institution Archives, Stanford University)
T. F. Betts Collection, University of Oxford Refugee Studies Centre Grey Literature Collection (Oxford, UK)
UNHCR Archives (Geneva and online catalogue)
UNHCR Policy Documents (contemporary, digitally accessed)
Miscellaneously acquired archival documents (primary or secondary archival documents accessed online or through the Bodleian Library Collection, University of Oxford)
Qualitative interviews
Secondary literature
Index
Back Cover.
Show 123 more Contents items
ISBN
1-5292-1912-4
1-5292-1911-6
OCLC
1323251110
1323247146
Doi
10.56687/9781529219111
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Refugees, self-reliance, development : a critical history / Evan Easton-Calabria.
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