Details

Subject(s)

• Organic scintillators [Browse]

Editor

• Hamel, Matthieu [Browse]

Series

Topics in applied physics ; 140. [More in this series]

Source of description

Description based on print version record.

Contents

• Intro
• Foreword
• References
• Preface
• Contents
• Contributors
• Part I Materials
• 1 Introduction-Overview on Plastic and Inorganic Scintillators
• 1.1 History of Scintillators
• 1.2 Plastic Scintillator Chemists
• 1.3 The Scintillation Process in Plastics and Inorganic Materials/Crystals
• 1.4 Typical Preparation Process and Size Possibilities
• 1.5 Main Parameters and Tools for Modification or Improvement
• 1.5.1 Light Yield
• 1.5.2 Decay Time
• 1.5.3 Emission Wavelength
• 1.5.4 Behavior Against External Environment
• 1.5.5 Effective Atomic Number and Density
• 1.6 Summary
• 2 Neutron/Gamma Pulse Shape Discrimination in Plastics Scintillators: From Development to Commercialization
• 2.1 Physical Basis for Neutron/Gamma Discrimination in Organic Scintillators
• 2.2 Plastic Scintillators with Efficient Fast Neutron/Gamma Discrimination
• 2.2.1 PPO-Based PSD Plastics
• 2.2.2 PSD Plastics Utilizing Alternative Dyes and Dye Mixtures
• 2.3 PSD Plastics for Combined Detection of Fast and Thermal Neutrons
• 2.3.1 10B-loaded PSD Plastic Scintillators
• 2.3.2 6Li-loaded PSD Plastic Scintillators
• 2.4 Commercialization and Further Directions of Studies
• 3 The Detection of Slow Neutrons
• 3.1 Slow Neutrons: Essential Features
• 3.1.1 The Definition of Slow Neutrons
• 3.1.2 The Origins of Slow Neutrons
• 3.2 Nuclear Reactions of Interest in Slow Neutron Detection
• 3.2.1 Natural Abundance, Reaction Cross Section, Q-Value, and Typology of Reaction Products
• 3.2.2 Main Nuclear Reactions of Interest
• 3.2.3 Size of the Scintillator: Slow Neutron Mean Free Path and the Interaction of Reaction Products
• 3.3 Detection of Reaction Products and n/γ Discrimination
• 3.3.1 Background Radiation
• 3.3.2 Pulse Height Discrimination
• 3.3.3 Pulse Shape Discrimination
• 3.3.4 Compensated Detectors.
• 3.3.5 Multiplicity-Gated Detection
• 3.3.6 Capture-Gated Detection
• 3.4 Figures of Merit for Slow Neutron Detectors
• 3.4.1 Figures of Merit About the Response to Neutrons
• 3.4.2 Figures of Merit About the Response to Gamma Rays
• 3.4.3 Figures of Merit About the Response to Neutron Against the Response to Gamma Rays
• 3.5 Incorporation of Neutron Converters into Plastic Scintillator-Based Detectors
• 3.5.1 Homogeneous Incorporation
• 3.5.2 Heterogeneous Incorporation
• 3.6 Applications of Plastic Scintillators to the Detection of Slow Neutrons
• 3.6.1 Homeland Security
• 3.6.2 Neutron Flux Monitoring and Source Characterization
• 3.6.3 Reactor Antineutrino Experiments, Surveillance, and Monitoring
• 4 Chemical Approach on Organometallic Loading in Plastic Scintillators and Its Applications
• 4.1 Introduction/Context
• 4.1.1 Plastic Scintillation
• 4.1.2 Frame of This Chapter
• 4.1.3 Properties Optimization
• 4.1.4 Chemical Design and Material Science, What the Loading Implies
• 4.1.5 Organization of This Chapter: Application Driven
• 4.2 Scintillation Process Enhancement
• 4.2.1 Triplet Harvesting
• 4.2.2 Iridium Complexes
• 4.2.3 Europium Complexes
• 4.3 Photon Detection
• 4.3.1 Theory
• 4.3.2 X-ray Detection
• 4.3.3 Gamma Detection
• 4.4 Neutron Detection
• 4.4.1 Thermal Neutron
• 4.4.2 Lithium Loading
• 4.4.3 Boron Loading
• 4.4.4 Cadmium and Gadolinium Loading
• 4.5 Conclusion
• 4.6 Table by Elements
• 5 Polysiloxane-Based Scintillators
• 5.1 Foreword
• 5.1.1 Silicon-Based Polymer Properties: Chemistry
• 5.1.2 The Synthesis of Silicones
• 5.2 Optical Properties of Phenyl-Containing Polysiloxanes
• 5.3 Design of Polysiloxane-Based Scintillators
• 5.3.1 Energy Transfer in Organic Polymers
• 5.3.2 Polymeric Scintillators
• 5.3.3 Polysiloxane-Based Scintillators.
• 5.4 Polysiloxane Scintillators for Neutron Detection
• 5.4.1 Neutron Detection in Organic Scintillators
• 5.4.2 B and Li Loaded Polysiloxanes for Detection of Thermal Neutrons
• 5.4.3 Design of Polysiloxane Scintillators for n/γ Discrimination
• 5.5 Summary
• 6 Composite Scintillators
• 6.1 Introduction to Organic-Inorganic Composites
• 6.1.1 Overview on Fabrication Methods of Nanocomposites
• 6.1.2 Optical Properties Related to the Nanocomposite Structure
• 6.2 Plastic Scintillators Incorporating Non-emitting Inorganic Nanoparticles
• 6.2.1 Sol-gel-Derived Organic-Inorganic Composite Scintillators
• 6.2.2 Nanocomposite Scintillators Fabricated via Two-Step Synthesis
• 6.3 Nanocomposite Scintillators Comprising Luminescent Nanoparticles
• 6.3.1 Nanocomposite Scintillators Comprising Inorganic Phosphor Nanoparticles
• 6.3.2 Nanocomposite Scintillators Comprising Semiconductor Nanocrystals
• 6.4 Summary and Future Prospects
• 7 Molecular Design Considerations for Different Classes of Organic Scintillators
• 7.1 Design Considerations for Crystalline, Plastic, and Liquid Scintillators
• 7.1.1 Background on Scintillation Mechanisms
• 7.1.2 Process (1): Direct Excitation into π-Electronic States
• 7.1.3 Process (2): Overview of Direct Ionization and Recombination of π-states
• 7.1.4 Physical and Mechanical Properties of Different Classes of Organic Scintillators
• 7.2 Future Opportunities
• 8 Organic Glass Scintillators
• 8.1 Introduction to Organic Glass Scintillators
• 8.2 Glassy State of Matter
• 8.3 Differentiating Characteristics of Organic Molecular Glasses
• 8.4 Design Strategies for Stable Organic Molecular Glasses
• 8.4.1 Nonplanar Structures
• 8.4.2 Increasing Molecular Size
• 8.4.3 Multiple Conformations
• 8.4.4 Physical Mixtures.
• 8.5 Fluorescent Molecular Glasses as Organic Glass Scintillators (OGSs)
• 8.6 Organic Glass Scintillators: Case Studies
• 8.7 Organic Glass Thermal and Mechanical Properties
• 8.7.1 Mechanical Strength: Intermolecular Interactions
• 8.7.2 Mechanical Strength: Organic Glass/Polymer Blending
• 8.8 Properties of OGS/Polymer Blends
• 8.8.1 Effect of Small-Molecule Additives on Tg
• 8.8.2 Scintillation Properties of OGS/Polymer Blends
• 8.9 Organic Glass Scintillator Fabrication Methods
• 8.10 Long-Term Stability and Environmental Aging of Organic Glass Scintillators
• 8.10.1 Surface Versus Bulk Diffusion
• 8.10.2 Accelerated Aging of Organic Glasses and Mitigation Methods
• 8.11 Compatibility of OGS with Multi-functional Additives
• 8.11.1 Boron-Loaded OGS for Fast Neutron/Gamma PSD and Thermal Neutron Capture
• 8.11.2 Metal-Loaded OGS for Fast Neutron/Gamma PSD and Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy
• 8.12 Summary and Future Outlook
• Part II Applications
• 9 Optical Improvements of Plastic Scintillators by Nanophotonics
• 9.1 Introduction
• 9.2 Enhancement of Light Extraction Efficiency of Plastic Scintillators by Photonic Crystals
• 9.2.1 Introduction of Photonic Crystals
• 9.2.2 Enhancement Mechanism of Light Extraction Efficiency by Photonic Crystals
• 9.2.3 Control of Directional Emission by Photonic Crystals
• 9.2.4 Consideration for the Structural Design of Photonic Crystals
• 9.3 Control of Directional Emission of Plastic Scintillators by Plasmonic Lattice Resonances
• 9.4 Patterning Techniques for Plastic Scintillators
• 9.4.1 Self-assembly Lithography
• 9.4.2 Nanoimprint Lithography (NIL)
• 9.4.3 X-Ray Interference Lithography (XIL)
• 9.5 Improved Scintillation Performance of Detectors by Photonic Crystals
• 9.6 Summary and Remark
• References.
• 10 Analog and Digital Signal Processing for Nuclear Instrumentation
• 10.1 Introduction
• 10.2 The Light to Electric Signal Conversion
• 10.2.1 Design of PMTs
• 10.2.2 Solid-State Semiconductor Photodetectors
• 10.3 The Signal Acquisition Frontend
• 10.3.1 Charge to Voltage Conversion
• 10.3.2 Gain and Pulse Shaping Stage
• 10.3.3 Voltage Limiters
• 10.3.4 Impedance Matching and Other Effects
• 10.4 The Digitization Stage
• 10.4.1 Signal Digitization Basics
• 10.4.2 Digitizer Architectures
• 10.5 Signal Processing and Feature Extraction
• 10.5.1 Low-Level Digital Stream Processing
• 10.5.2 Digital Pulse Processing
• 10.6 Data and Information Processing
• 10.6.1 Count Rate Analysis
• 10.6.2 Discrimination of the Nature of the Interactions
• 10.6.3 Spectral Unmixing and Radionuclide Identification
• 10.7 Conclusion
• 11 Radioactive Noble Gas Detection and Measurement with Plastic Scintillators
• 11.1 Radioactive Noble Gas Isotopes
• 11.1.1 Kr-85
• 11.1.2 Xe-131m
• 11.1.3 Xe-133
• 11.1.4 Xe-133m
• 11.1.5 Xe-135
• 11.1.6 Ar-37
• 11.1.7 Rn-222 and Progenies
• 11.1.8 Rn-220 and Progenies
• 11.2 Application of Plastic Scintillators to the Detection of Noble Gas
• 11.2.1 Xenon Detection Systems for the CTBT Network
• 11.2.2 Kr-85 Monitors Using Plastic Scintillators
• 11.2.3 Radon and Thoron Detection and Measurement with Plastic Scintillators
• 11.3 RNG-Related Properties of Plastic Scintillators
• 11.3.1 Noble Gas Absorption in Plastic Materials
• 11.3.2 Application of Pulse Shape Discrimination to 222Rn Measurements
• 11.3.3 Description of the Alpha-Particle Peak Shapes in 222Rn Measurements with Plastic Scintillators
• 11.4 Concluding Remarks
• 12 Recent Advances and Clinical Applications of Plastic Scintillators in the Field of Radiation Therapy
• 12.1 Introduction.
• 12.2 Basic Dosimetry Properties of Plastic Scintillators.

Show 189 more Contents items

ISBN

3-030-73488-9

OCLC

1260344440

Statement on language in description

Princeton University Library aims to describe library materials in a manner that is respectful to the individuals and communities who create, use, and are represented in the collections we manage. Read more...