Details

Subject(s)

• Metrology—Congresses [Browse]
• International School of Physics "Enrico Fermi"—course 196 [Browse]

Editor

• Tavella, P. (Patrizia) [Browse]
• Milton, M. J. T. [Browse]
• Inguscio, M. [Browse]

Series

International school of physics enrico fermi ; Course 196

Source of description

Description based on print version record.

Contents

• Title Page
• CONTENTS
• Preface
• Course group shot
• MODULE I. METROLOGY FOR QUALITY OF LIFE
• Reference methods and commutable reference materials for clinical measurements
• 1. Introduction
• 1.1. Importance of medical tests reliability
• 1.2. Role of a national metrology institute in bioanalysis
• 1.3. Examples of projects undertaken in LNE (France)
• 1.4. Regulatory drivers and traceability chains in laboratory medicine
• 1.5. JCTLM
• 1.6. Accreditation according to ISO 15189
• 2. Importance of reference methods in EQAS
• 3. Importance of commutability
• 3.1. Why commutability matters
• 3.2. Principle of commutability assessment
• 4. Conclusions and perspectives
• Reference measurement systems for biomarkers: Towards biometrology
• 2. Metabolites and small molecules
• 2.1. Kidney disease: creatinine
• 2.2. Diabetes mellitus: glucose
• 3. Peptides and proteins
• 3.1. Absolute quantification of peptides and proteins
• 3.2. Diabetes mellitus: HbA1c
• 3.3. Sepsis and antimicrobial resistance: Procalcitonine
• 3.4. Alzheimer's disease: amyloid beta &
• tau
• 3.5. Iron-related disorders: hepcidin
• 4. Lipids and lipoproteins
• 4.1. Cardiovascular diseases: cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C and HDL-C
• 4.2. Lipoprotein particle concentration: beyond LDL-C in CVD risk assessment
• 5. Conclusion
• SI traceable measurements of the Earth from space to monitor and mitigate against climate change
• 1.1. Climate
• 1.2. Earth Observation data quality
• 1.3. Sensor post launch Calibration and Validation (Cal/Val)
• 1.4. Summary
• 2. Key climate parameters
• 2.1. Essential Climate Variables (ECV)
• 2.2. Earth Radiation Budget (ERB)
• 2.3. Solar variability
• 2.3.1. Total Solar Irradiance (TSI)
• 2.3.2. Solar spectral irradiance (SSI)
• 2.4. Climate feedbacks.
• 2.4.1. Introduction
• 2.4.2. Cloud feedback on climate
• 3. Establishing SI traceability for the Earth observing system
• 3.1. Introduction
• 3.2. Near simultaneous overpass calibrations (SNO)
• 3.3. Reference standard calibration test sites
• 3.4. Lunar calibration
• 3.5. Dominant sources of uncertainty
• 3.6. Radiometric accuracy and traceability to SI
• 4. Traceable Radiometry Underpinning Terrestrial- and Helio-Studies (TRUTHS): an NMI in space
• 4.1. Mission requirements and objectives
• 4.2. TRUTHS instrumentation
• 4.2.1. Calibration system
• 4.3. On-board calibration methods
• 4.3.1. Overview
• 4.3.2. Step 1: Calibration of TR against CSAR using LDs
• 4.3.3. Step 2: HIS (Earth radiance view) calibrated against the TR at each LD wavelength (radiance mode)
• 4.3.4. Step 3: HIS (Earth radiance view) calibrated at intermediate wavelengths with a lamp
• 4.3.5. Step 4: Measurements of the Earth and Sun
• 4.3.6. Summary
• 5. Conclusions
• Amount of substance - the Avogadro constant and the SI unit "mole
• 2. History
• 3. The mole as an SI unit in chemistry
• 4. Realization and dissemination
• 4.1. Primary standards as reference points
• 4.2. Example: National standards for the determination of element concentrations in solutions
• 4.3. Examples of primary measurement procedures
• 4.4. International comparability
• 5. Redefinitions
• 5.1. General
• 5.2. Silicon single crystal and the Avogadro constant
• 5.3. Realization and dissemination in accordance with the redefinitions
• 6. Summary
• Comparisons of gas standards for climate change and air quality monitoring
• 1. Introduction to air quality and greenhouse gas monitoring
• 2. Methods for gas standard preparation and verification
• 3. Standards produced by static gravimetric methods (CH4 and NO)
• 3.1. Methane in air standards.
• 3.2. Nitrogen monoxide in nitrogen standards
• 4. Dynamic methods (NO2 and HCHO)
• 5. Spectroscopic methods (O3 and FTIR)
• 5.1. Ozone standards
• 5.2. FTIR for the comparison and analysis of gas standards
• 5.3. FTIR measurements of isotope ratios in CO2
• 6. Manometric methods (CO2 and O3)
• 6.1. Manometric reference method for CO2 mole fraction value assignment
• 6.2. Manometric method for ozone cross-section measurements
• Chemical primary reference materials: From valine to C-peptide
• 1. Introduction: Organic primary reference materials for analytical chemistry
• 2. The Mass balance purity assignment method applied to valine
• 2.1. Measurement of mass fraction of related structure impurities (wRS) in valine
• 2.1.1. Experimental and method description
• 2.1.2. Metrological uncertainty and SI-traceability of mass fraction of related structure impurities
• 2.2. Measurement of mass fraction of water (wW) in valine
• 2.3. Measurement of the mass fraction of residual organic solvent (wOS) for valine
• 2.4. Measurements of the mass fraction of non-volatile materials (wNV ) in valine
• 2.5. Assignment of the mass fraction content of valine
• 3. qNMR applied to pure material standards of folic acid
• 3.1. Introduction to qNMR
• 3.2. Application of qNMR for purity measurements of folic acid
• 4. Methods for large organics: peptides
• 4.1. High-resolution mass spectrometry, identification and quantification of impurities in peptides
• 4.1.1. Typical configuration of a mass spectrometer
• 4.1.2. Electrospray ionization (ESI)
• 4.1.3. Mass analysers and mass resolution
• 4.1.4. The Orbitrap mass analyser
• 4.2. High-resolution mass spectrometry of Angiotensin I
• 4.2.1. Sequencing of Angiotensin I using MS/MS
• 4.2.2. Identification of impurities in ANG I peptide material
• 4.2.3. PICAA analysis of ANG I.
• 4.3. Characterization of C-peptide primary reference material
• 4.3.1. Peptide impurity identification and quantification
• 4.3.2. PICCA analysis of C-peptide material
• MODULE II. FUNDAMENTALS OF METROLOGY
• Uncertainty of measurement
• Disclaimer
• 2. Physical quantities and their values
• 2.1. Quantities
• 2.2. Quantity values
• 2.3. Physical constants
• 2.4. Other quantities
• 3. Measurement
• 3.1. Measurement and measurand
• 3.2. Measurement result and measurand estimate
• 4. Measurement uncertainty
• 4.1. General
• 4.2. Definitional uncertainty
• 5. Modelling a measurement
• 6. Propagating uncertainty
• 7. Evaluating uncertainties
• 7.1. General
• 7.2. Random and systematic effects
• 7.3. Frequentist and Bayesian (or subjective) approaches
• 7.4. Change of paradigm
• 8. Coverage intervals - propagation of PDFs
• 9. Bayesian inference
• 10. Conclusion
• International recognition of NMI calibration and measurement capabilities: The CIPM MRA
• 2. The origins of the CIPM MRA
• 3. Launch of the CIPM MRA
• 4. Structure and mechanisms of the CIPM MRA
• 4.1. Key and supplementary comparisons
• 4.2. Calibration and Measurement Capabilities (CMCs)
• 5. The CIPM MRA today
• 6. The CIPM MRA review and the way forward
• 7. In conclusion
• On the proposed re-definition of the SI: "for all people for all time
• 1. Metrology and the role of the SI
• 2. The development of the SI
• 3. Establishing units for electrical quantities
• 4. The 1990 convention for the electrical units
• 5. The Kibble balance and the silicon Avogadro experiment
• 6. A method for establishing a mass unit from the atomic mass unit
• 7. The 2005 proposal to redefine the kilogram
• 8. The 2006 proposals
• 9. Articulating the definitions
• 10. The motivation for re-definition.
• 10.1. Eliminating the dependence on artefacts
• 10.2. Widening access to the realization of the base units
• 11. Conclusions
• The Metre Convention and the creation of the BIPM
• 2. The call by geodesists in 1867 for a better standard of the metre and for a European international Bureau of weights and measures
• 3. The International Metre Commission
• 4. The Metre Convention of 1875
• 5. The creation of the BIPM and early scientific work
• 6. The BIPM since 1921
• 7. The CIPM MRA
• 8. Conclusions
• Bibliography
• The development of units of measurement from the origin of the metric system in the 18th century to proposals for redefinition of the SI in 2018
• 2. The origin of the metric system in 1791
• 3. The Metre and Kilogram of the Archives 1796
• 4. The Berlin Conference of 1867 and proposals for an international European bureau of weights and measures
• 5. The construction of the new prototypes of the Metre and Kilogram
• 6. Next steps: Maxwell, Michelson and successive definitions of the Metre
• 7. Electrical standards
• 8. Developments in other base units until 1971
• 9. The changes since 1971 that finally opened the way to units based on constants of physics
• 10. The Kibble balance
• 11. The x-ray crystal density method
• 12. Comparison of the two methods
• 13. Present plans for a fully constants-based SI for 2018
• 13.1. What does it mean to fix the numerical value of a constant of nature?
• 13.2. The form of the proposed new definition of the SI and its base units
• 13.3. Advantages of units defined in terms of constants of nature: explicit constant definitions rather than an explicit unit definitions
• Frequency combs applications and optical frequency standards
• 2. Frequency combs from mode locked lasers.
• 2.1. Derivation from cavity boundary conditions.

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ISBN

1-61499-818-3

OCLC

1031468842

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