The hidden epidemic : confronting sexually transmitted diseases / Thomas R. Eng and William T. Butler, editors ; Committee on Prevention and Control of Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Institute of Medicine, Division of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention.

Author
Institute of Medicine (U.S.). Committee on Prevention and Control of Sexually Transmitted Diseases [Browse]
Format
Book
Language
English
Εdition
1st ed.
Published/​Created
Washington, D.C. : National Academy Press, 1997.
Description
xii, 432 p. : ill.

Details

Subject(s)
Related name
Notes
Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph
Bibliographic references
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Language note
English
Contents
  • The Hidden Epidemic
  • Copyright
  • Preface
  • Acknowledgments
  • Contents
  • Executive Summary
  • CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
  • Strategy 1: Overcome barriers to adoption of healthy sexual behaviors
  • Catalyzing Change Through Open Discussion and Promoting Awareness and Balanced Mass Media Messages
  • Improving Professional Skills in Sexual Health Issues
  • Supporting Sexual Health Behavior Research
  • Strategy 2: Develop strong leadership, strengthen investment, and improve information systems for STD...
  • Developing Leadership and Catalyzing Partnerships
  • Strengthening Investment
  • Improving Surveillance and Other Information Systems
  • Strategy 3: Design and implement essential STD-related services in innovative ways for adolescents and underserved…
  • Focusing on Prevention
  • Focusing on Adolescents
  • Establishing New Venues for Interventions
  • Strategy 4: Ensure access to and quality of essential clinical services for STDs
  • Ensuring Access to Services in the Community
  • Improving Dedicated Public STD Clinics
  • Involving Health Plans and Purchasers of Health Care
  • Improving Training and Education of Health Care Professionals
  • Improving Clinical Management of STDs
  • 1 Introduction and Background
  • STUDY METHODS
  • FOCUS OF REPORT
  • FOCUS OF CHAPTERS
  • REFERENCES
  • 2 The Neglected Health and Economic Impact of STDs
  • BROAD SCOPE AND IMPACT OF STDS
  • Routes of Transmission
  • Summary of Common STDs
  • Human Papillomavirus Infection
  • Herpes Simplex Virus Infection
  • Viral Hepatitis
  • Syphilis
  • Gonorrhea
  • Chlamydial Infection
  • Impact of STDs on Women's Health
  • Greater Risk of STDs Among Adolescents
  • Other Groups at Risk
  • STDs as Emerging Infections
  • International Comparisons and the Global Scope of STDs
  • HEALTH CONSEQUENCES OF STDS
  • Cancers Caused by STDs
  • Cervical Cancer.
  • Other STD-Related Cancers
  • Reproductive Health Problems
  • Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
  • Ectopic Pregnancy
  • Infertility
  • Health Consequences for Pregnant Women and Infants
  • Health Consequences for Infected Infants
  • Health Consequences for Infected Pregnant Women
  • Health Consequences for Men
  • Deaths Associated with STDs
  • IMPACT OF STDS ON HIV TRANSMISSION
  • Epidemiological Evidence
  • Explaining the Association Between STDs and HIV Infection
  • Evidence of Effect of STD Prevention on HIV Prevention
  • Estimating the Impact of STDs on HIV Transmission
  • ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES OF STDS
  • Estimating STD-Associated Costs
  • Sources of Payment for STD-Related Costs
  • CONCLUSIONS
  • 3 Factors that Contribute to the Hidden Epidemic
  • BIOLOGICAL FACTORS
  • Asymptomatic Infections
  • Lag Time to Complications
  • Increased Susceptibility of Women and Female Adolescents
  • Other Biological Factors
  • SOCIAL FACTORS
  • Poverty and Inadequate Access to Health Care
  • Substance Use
  • Impact of Crack Cocaine on STD Transmission
  • How Drug Use Increases STD Transmission
  • Association Between Alcohol Use and STDs
  • Sexual Abuse and Violence
  • STDs Among Disenfranchised Populations
  • Sex Workers
  • Homeless Persons
  • Adolescents in Detention
  • Adults in Detention
  • Migrant Workers
  • SECRECY AS A CONTRIBUTING FACTOR
  • Sexuality and Secrecy in the United States
  • Impact of Secrecy on STD Prevention
  • Impact on Sexuality Education for Adolescents
  • Impact on Communication Between Sex Partners
  • Impact on Mass Media Messages
  • Impact on Clinical Preventive Services
  • Impact on Community Activism
  • Experiences of Other Countries
  • Research and Training Issues in Sexuality
  • Trends in Sexual Activity
  • Knowledge and Awareness of STDs
  • 4 Prevention of STDs
  • ISSUES IN PREVENTION.
  • A Mathematical Model for Prevention
  • Primary Versus Secondary Prevention
  • Behavioral Versus Biomedical Approaches
  • REDUCING EXPOSURE AND TRANSMISSION
  • Individual Factors
  • Sexual and Other Behaviors
  • Perception of Risk
  • Link Between Perceived Risk and Protective Behaviors
  • Personal Skills
  • Behavioral Methods
  • Theoretical Approaches to STD and HIV Risk Reduction
  • Individual-Focused Interventions
  • Community-Based Interventions
  • School-Based Interventions
  • Mass Media Interventions
  • Other Methods
  • Prophylaxis
  • Condoms
  • Other Contraceptives and Dual Protection
  • Partner Notification and Treatment
  • Screening
  • REDUCING DURATION OF INFECTION
  • Early Diagnosis and Treatment
  • Diagnostic Tests for STDs
  • Culturing
  • Microscopy
  • Antibody Detection Tests
  • Antigen Detection Tests
  • Tests Based on Genetic Markers
  • Treatment for STDs
  • Barriers to Diagnosis and Effective Treatment
  • 5 Current STD-Related Services
  • CLINICAL SERVICES
  • Health Care Professionals and Prevention Activities
  • Dedicated Public STD Clinics
  • Persons Served
  • Services Provided
  • Effectiveness
  • Federal Role
  • Community-Based Clinics
  • School- and University-Based Settings
  • Private Sector Settings
  • Managed Care Organizations and Other Health Plans
  • Growing Role of Managed Care
  • Effect of Managed Care on STD Prevention
  • Services and Programs of Managed Care Organizations
  • Government Initiatives Related to managed Care and STDs
  • NATIONAL SURVEILLANCE AND INFORMATION SYSTEMS
  • National Notifiable Disease Reporting
  • Limitations of the Reporting System
  • Surveillance and Public STD Programs
  • Other Surveillance Systems
  • Health Behavior Surveys
  • Measuring and Evaluating Program Effectiveness
  • Data Management, Utilization, and Limitations
  • Information Systems Development.
  • Local Data Analysis Capacity
  • TRAINING AND EDUCATION OF HEALTH PROFESSIONALS
  • Medical School and Medical Graduate Education
  • Primary Care Health Professional Training
  • Federal Efforts in STD Training
  • Advances in Information Technology
  • FUNDING OF SERVICES
  • Federal, State, and Local Government Funding
  • Categorical Funding
  • Block Grant Proposals
  • Arguments for Block Grants
  • Arguments Against Block Grants
  • 6 Establishing an Effective National System to Prevent STDs
  • LAYING THE FOUNDATION FOR A NATIONAL SYSTEM
  • Formulating a National Policy and Strategy
  • Recognizing the Impact of STDs on HIV Transmission
  • Recognizing the Impact of STDs on Cancer
  • STRATEGY 1 PROMOTE HEALTHY SEXUAL BEHAVIORS
  • Catalyzing Change Through Open Discussion
  • Promoting Knowledge and Awareness
  • Promoting Balanced Mass Media Messages
  • STRATEGY 2 DEVELOP LEADERSHIP
  • Developing Leadership in the Private Sector
  • Developing Leadership in the Public Sector
  • Promoting Federal Leadership
  • Promoting State Leadership
  • Promoting Local Leadership
  • Catalyzing Change Through Partnerships
  • Strengthening Investment in STED Prevention
  • Who Is Currently Paying and Who Should Pay?
  • Evaluating and Improving Categorical Funding
  • Strengthening Global STD Prevention Efforts
  • Enhancing the Current System
  • Utilizing Health Services Performance Measures
  • STRATEGY 3 FOCUS ON ADOLESCENTS AND UNDERSERVED POPULATIONS
  • Focusing On Prevention
  • Expanding Prevention-Related Research
  • Developing Female-Controlled Methods for Protecting Against STDs
  • Focusing On Adolescents
  • Ensuring Effective, Early Interventions and Confidentiality.
  • Expanding School-Based Programs
  • STRATEGY 4 ENSURE ACCESS TO SERVICES
  • Ensuring Access to Community Services
  • Incorporating STD-Related Services into Primary Care
  • Coordinating Services at the Community Level
  • Ensuring Access and Quality
  • Collaborating with Academic Health Centers
  • Involving Managed Care Organizations and Other Health Plans
  • Involving Employers and Other Purchasers of Health Care
  • Evaluating the Privatization of Services
  • Improving and Expanding Screening Programs
  • Improving Diagnosis and Treatment
  • Improving Counseling and Education
  • Improving Partner Notification and Treatment
  • Improving Availability and Capability of Laboratory Services
  • COLLABORATING TO IMPROVE SERVICES
  • Collaborating with Other Public Sector Health Programs
  • Collaborating with Community-Based Health Programs
  • CONCLUDING STATEMENT
  • Appendixes
  • Appendix A Sexually Transmitted Pathogens and Associated Diseases, Syndromes, and Complications
  • Twenty-Five Sexually Transmitted Pathogens And Associated Diseases Or Syndromes
  • Selected Syndromes And Complications Of Sexually Transmitted Pathogens
  • Appendix B Characteristics of Major STDs in the United States
  • Appendix C Transmission Dynamics of Coexisting Chlamydial and HIV Infections in the United States
  • Introduction
  • Model And Parameter Assumptions
  • Results
  • Discussion
  • References
  • Appendix D Estimates of the Economic Burden of STDs: Review of the Literature with Updates
  • Economic Burden Of Illness
  • Why The Cost Of Illness Is Assessed
  • Challenges To Assessing Economic Impact
  • Methods
  • Literature on the Economic Impact of STDs.
  • Adjustments.
ISBN
  • 0-309-17547-X
  • 1-280-19188-0
  • 9786610191888
  • 0-309-55680-5
  • 0-585-03719-1
OCLC
923268055
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