Details

Subject(s)

• Sewage—Purification—Activated sludge process—Handbooks, manuals, etc [Browse]

Related name

Water Environment Federation. Activated Sludge and Nutrient Removal Task Force [Browse]

Series

• Manual of practice. Operations and maintenance ; Number OM-9. [More in this series]
• WEF manual of practice ; Number OM-9

Summary note

This extensively revised third edition of Activated Sludge and Nutrient Removal reflects industry best practices and the latest advances. It is the primary reference for the operation of the activated sludge process. Expanded content includes an updated process control section with step-by-step examples for calculations, a new laboratory chapter with detailed directions for common process control tests, and an introduction to using modeling for process control. Operators are guided through selecting an appropriate sludge age, calculating wasting rates, optimizing return activated sludge flow, managing clarifier blankets, and setting DO and ORP set points. Advanced concepts in nutrient removal and biological process modeling are also addressed. Practice questions have been added to the end of each chapter to help the reader enhance their understanding of the material and retain information vital to solving performance problems and improving operations. Features & Benefits - Practice questions at the end of each chapter - Covers advanced concepts such as nutrient removal and biological process models - Updated process control section with step-by-step examples for calculations - New laboratory chapter with detailed directions for common process control tests - An introduction to using modeling for process control

Notes

Previous editions entitled: Activated sludge.

Bibliographic references

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Source of description

Description based on print version record.

Contents

• Intro
• TITLE PAGE
• COPYRIGHT
• CONTENTS
• LIST OF FIGURES
• LIST OF TABLES
• PREFACE
• CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
• 1.0 INTRODUCTION
• 2.0 ORGANIZATION
• 3.0 WHAT IS IN A NAME?
• 4.0 OVERVIEW OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT
• 5.0 INFLUENT CHARACTERISTICS
• 5.1 BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND
• 5.2 CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND
• 5.3 SOLIDS
• 5.4 NUTRIENTS
• 5.5 RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN INFLUENT PARAMETERS
• 6.0 PURPOSE OF BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT
• 6.1 CONVERSION OF BIODEGRADABLE ORGANIC MATERIAL TO BIOMASS
• 6.2 CONVERSION OF AMMONIA TO NITRATE
• 6.3 CONVERSION OF NITRATE TO NITROGEN GAS
• 6.4 BIOLOGICAL PHOSPHORUS REMOVAL
• 7.0 PRACTICE QUESTIONS
• 8.0 REFERENCES
• CHAPTER 2 ACTIVATED SLUDGE PROCESS FUNDAMENTALS
• 1.0 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
• 2.0 BASIC SYSTEM COMPONENTS
• 2.1 ACTIVATED SLUDGE BASIN
• 2.2 SECONDARY CLARIFIER
• 2.3 RETURN ACTIVATED SLUDGE
• 2.4 WASTE ACTIVATED SLUDGE
• 3.0 ANAEROBIC, ANOXIC, AND AEROBIC CONDITIONS
• 4.0 BACTERIAL ENGINES
• 4.1 HETEROTROPHIC BACTERIA
• 4.2 AUTOTROPHIC BACTERIA
• 4.3 PHOSPHATE ACCUMULATING ORGANISMS
• 4.4 GROWTH PATTERNS: FLOC FORMERS VS FILAMENT FORMERS
• 5.0 MICROBIAL GROWTH KINETICS
• 5.1 MONOD KINETICS
• 5.2 MAXIMUM SPECIFIC GROWTH RATE
• 5.3 SATURATION COEFFICIENT
• 5.4 HALF-SATURATION COEFFICIENT
• 5.5 EFFECT OF MULTIPLE LIMITING SUBSTRATES
• 5.6 BIOMASS YIELD
• 5.7 BIOMASS DECAY RATE
• 5.8 MONOD KINETICS
• 6.0 PROCESS VARIATIONS
• 6.1 LOADING RATES
• 6.2 REACTOR CONFIGURATION
• 6.2.1 IDEAL COMPLETE MIX
• 6.2.2 IDEAL PLUG FLOW
• 6.2.3 REACTORS-IN-SERIES
• 6.2.4 SEQUENCING BATCH REACTORS
• 6.2.5 OXIDATION DITCH
• 6.3 FEED AND AERATION PATTERNS
• 6.3.1 CONVENTIONAL
• 6.3.2 CONTACT STABILIZATION AND SLUDGE REAERATION
• 6.3.3 STEP FEED
• 6.3.4 TAPERED AERATION
• 6.3.5 SELECTORS
• 6.4 OTHER MODIFICATIONS
• 6.4.1 HIGH-PURITY OXYGEN
• 6.4.2 COUPLED SYSTEMS.
• 6.4.3 COMBINED SYSTEMS
• 6.5 FACTORS AFFECTING PROCESS EFFICIENCY
• 7.0 DESCRIPTION OF FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT USED
• 7.1 ACTIVATED SLUDGE BASINS OR BIOLOGICAL REACTORS
• 7.2 AERATION SYSTEMS
• 7.2.1 AIR DELIVERY
• 7.2.2 MECHANICAL AERATION
• 7.3 MIXING
• 7.4 CLARIFICATION
• 7.5 RETURN AND WASTE ACTIVATED SLUDGE SYSTEMS
• 7.6 RECIRCULATION PUMPING
• 8.0 PRACTICE QUESTIONS
• 9.0 REFERENCES
• CHAPTER 3 MICROBIOLOGY
• 1.0 SUMMARY OF BACTERIAL ENGINE
• 2.0 THE BACTERIAL CELL AND HOW IT WORKS
• 2.1 DESCRIPTION
• 2.2 PARTS AND FUNCTION
• 2.3 HOW THEY FEED
• 2.4 HOW THEY GROW
• 3.0 BACTERIA DEFINED BY GROWTH PATTERN: FLOC FORMERS VS FILAMENTOUS MICROORGANISMS
• 4.0 BACTERIA DEFINED BY DISSOLVED OXYGEN LEVEL
• 5.0 FILAMENTOUS MICROORGANISMS
• 5.1 LOW DISSOLVED OXYGEN
• 5.2 LOW FOOD-TO-MICROORGANISM RATIO
• 5.3 LOW NUTRIENTS-PHOSPHORUS OR NITROGEN
• 5.4 PH
• 5.5 FILAMENT CONTROL
• 6.0 PROTOZOA AND METAZOA
• 6.1 PROTOZOA
• 6.1.1 FLAGELLATES
• 6.1.2 AMOEBA (TESTATE AND NAKED)
• 6.1.3 FREE-SWIMMING CILIATES
• 6.1.4 ATTACHED (STALKED) CILIATES
• 6.1.5 CRAWLER CILIATES
• 6.1.6 SUCTORIA
• 6.1.7 CARNIVOROUS CILIATES
• 6.1.8 PROTOZOA REPRODUCTION
• 6.1.9 CELL SIZE
• 6.2 METAZOA
• 6.2.1 ROTIFERS
• 6.2.2 WATER BEARS, BRISTLE WORMS, NEMATODES, AND GASTROTRICHS
• 6.2.3 WATER BEAR (TARDIGRADE)
• 7.0 NUMBER AND TYPE OF PROTOZOA AND METAZOA VS VARIOUS PARAMETERS
• 8.0 USE OF PROTOZOA AND METAZOA AS INDICATOR ORGANISMS
• 8.1 HIGHER LIFE FORM COUNTING FORM
• 8.2 THE COUNTING PROCEDURE
• 9.0 MICROSCOPIC EXAM FORM
• 10.0 PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND EXCERCISES
• 11.0 REFERENCES
• 12.0 SUGGESTED READINGS
• CHAPTER 4 PROCESS CONTROL FOR THE ACTIVATED SLUDGE BASIN
• 2.0 SLUDGE AGE
• 2.1 GOULD SLUDGE AGE
• 2.1.1 DEFINITION
• 2.1.2 CALCULATION METHOD
• 2.1.3 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES.
• 2.2 MEAN CELL RESIDENCE TIME
• 2.2.1 DEFINITION
• 2.2.2 CALCULATION METHOD
• 2.2.3 CALCULATION EXAMPLE
• 2.2.4 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
• 2.3 SOLIDS RESIDENCE TIME
• 2.3.1 DEFINITION
• 2.3.2 CALCULATION METHOD
• 2.3.3 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
• 2.4 SOLIDS RESIDENCE TIME AEROBIC
• 2.4.1 DEFINITION
• 2.4.2 CALCULATION METHOD
• 2.4.3 CALCULATION EXAMPLE
• 2.4.4 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
• 2.5 DYNAMIC SOLIDS RETENTION TIME
• 2.5.1 DEFINITION
• 2.5.2 CALCULATION METHOD
• 2.5.3 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
• 2.6 RETURN ACTIVATED SLUDGE/WASTE ACTIVATED SLUDGE CONCENTRATIONS
• 2.6.1 CALCULATION METHOD
• 2.6.2 CALCULATION EXAMPLE
• 2.6.3 SAMPLING LOCATIONS FOR RETURN ACTIVATED SLUDGE/WASTE ACTIVATED SLUDGE
• 2.7 WHEN TO INCLUDE EFFLUENT TOTAL SUSPENDED SOLIDS
• 2.8 ACCOUNTING FOR SOLIDS RECYCLE FROM DOWNSTREAM PROCESSES
• 2.9 POTENTIAL EFFECTS OF FOAMING EVENTS ON SLUDGE AGE
• 2.10 WASTING FREQUENCY
• 2.10.1 EXAMPLE NO. 1
• 2.10.2 EXAMPLE NO. 2
• 2.11 WHEN TO USE MEAN CELL RESIDENCE TIME, SOLIDS RESIDENCE TIME, OR SOLIDS RESIDENCE TIME AEROBIC
• 2.11.1 EXAMPLE NO. 1
• 2.11.2 EXAMPLE NO. 2
• 2.11.3 EXAMPLE NO. 3
• 2.11.4 EXAMPLE NO. 4
• 3.0 FOOD-TO-MICROORGANISM RATIO
• 3.1 DEFINITION
• 3.2 CALCULATION METHOD
• 3.3 CALCULATION EXAMPLE
• 3.4 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
• 4.0 RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN PROCESS VARIABLES
• 4.1 WHY DO MIXED LIQUOR SUSPENDED SOLIDS INCREASE WITH INCREASING SOLIDS RESIDENCE TIME?
• 4.2 WHY DOES THE RATIO OF MIXED LIQUOR VOLATILE SUSPENDED SOLIDS TO MIXED LIQUOR SUSPENDED SOLIDS DECREASE WITH INCREASING SOLIDS RESIDENCE TIME?
• 4.3 IS MAINTAINING A CONSTANT MIXED LIQUOR SUSPENDED SOLIDS CONCENTRATION THE SAME AS CONSTANT SLUDGE AGE?
• 4.3.1 EXAMPLE NO. 1
• 4.3.2 EXAMPLE NO. 2
• 4.3.3 EXAMPLE NO. 3.
• 4.4 CAN I OPERATE WITH CONSTANT MIXED LIQUOR SUSPENDED SOLIDS INSTEAD OF CONSTANT SLUDGE AGE?
• 4.5 WHY DOES THE FOOD-TO-MICROORGANISM RATIO DECREASE WITH INCREASING SOLIDS RESIDENCE TIME?
• 4.6 THE DESIGN CONDITION
• 4.7 SUMMARY OF PROCESS CONTROL STRATEGIES
• 5.0 SELECTING A TARGET MEAN CELL RESIDENCE TIME, SOLIDS RESIDENCE TIME, OR SOLIDS RESIDENCE TIME AEROBIC
• 5.1 FLOCCULATE, SETTLE, AND COMPACT
• 5.1.1 YOUNG SLUDGE BULKING
• 5.1.2 OLD SLUDGE BULKING
• 5.1.3 SLUDGE SETTLEABILITY
• 5.1.4 SLUDGE COMPACTION
• 5.2 MAINTAIN MIXED LIQUOR SUSPENDED SOLIDS CONCENTRATIONS WITH A REASONABLE RANGE
• 5.3 WASHOUT MEAN CELL RESIDENCE TIME/SOLIDS RESIDENCE TIME-INFLUENCING BIOLOGY AND SETTLEABILITY
• 5.4 MEET EFFLUENT AMMONIA LIMITS
• 5.4.1 EXAMPLE NO. 1
• 5.4.2 EXAMPLE NO. 2
• 5.5 SUMMARY ON SELECTING A TARGET MEAN CELL RESIDENCE TIME, SOLIDS RESIDENCE TIME, OR SOLIDS RESIDENCE TIME AEROBIC
• 6.0 SETTING A TARGET DISSOLVED OXYGEN CONCENTRATION
• 6.1 PREVENTING THE GROWTH OF LOW DISSOLVED OXYGEN FILAMENTS
• 6.2 MAXIMIZING NITRIFICATION RATES
• 9.0 SUGGESTED READINGS
• CHAPTER 5 PROCESS CONTROL METHODS FOR THE SECONDARY CLARIFIER
• 1.0 INTRODUCTION TO SECONDARY CLARIFIERS
• 1.1 PURPOSE OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS
• 1.2 SETTLING CONCEPTS
• 2.0 FACTORS AFFECTING THE OPERATION OF SECONDARY CLARIFIERS
• 2.1 INFLUENT FLOW
• 2.2 SURFACE OVERFLOW RATE
• 2.3 SOLIDS LOADING RATE
• 2.4 SURFACE AREA
• 2.5 MIXED LIQUOR SUSPENDED SOLIDS CONCENTRATION
• 2.6 RETURN ACTIVATED SLUDGE FLOW AND CONCENTRATION
• 2.7 SLUDGE BLANKET LEVEL
• 2.8 SLUDGE QUALITY (MIXED LIQUOR SETTLEABILITY), SLUDGE VOLUME INDEX
• 2.9 CLARIFIER HYDRAULICS
• 2.10 SUMMARY
• 3.0 COMMON MISCONCEPTION ABOUT SECONDARY CLARIFIERS: CLARIFIERS CAN THICKEN AND STORE SOLIDS
• 4.0 STATE POINT ANALYSIS
• 5.0 REFERENCES.
• 6.0 SUGGESTED READINGS
• CHAPTER 6 PROCESS CONTROL TESTS
• 2.0 VISUAL INSPECTION OF THE AERATION BASIN
• 2.1 MIXING PATTERNS
• 2.2 EVIDENCE OF BROKEN HEADERS AND DIFFUSERS
• 2.3 FOAM COLOR INDICATORS
• 3.0 DISSOLVED OXYGEN
• 4.0 TEMPERATURE
• 5.0 PH
• 6.0 ALKALINITY
• 7.0 DEPTH OF BLANKET
• 7.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION
• 7.2 APPLICATION
• 7.3 APPARATUS AND MATERIALS
• 7.4 SAMPLE COLLECTION
• 7.5 PROCEDURE
• 7.6 SPECIAL VARIATIONS OR APPLICATIONS
• 7.6.1 BLANKET PROFILE
• 7.6.2 BALANCING FLOW TO THE FINAL CLARIFIERS
• 8.0 SETTLEABILITY
• 8.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION
• 8.2 APPARATUS AND MATERIALS
• 8.3 SAMPLE COLLECTION, PRESERVATION, AND HOLDING TIMES
• 8.4 PROCEDURE
• 8.5 SPECIAL VARIATIONS OR APPLICATIONS
• 8.5.1 RISE TEST
• 8.5.2 DILUTION TEST
• 8.6 CALCULATIONS
• 8.7 SAMPLE BENCH SHEET
• 8.8 INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS
• 9.0 SLUDGE VOLUME INDEX
• 9.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION
• 9.2 APPLICATION
• 9.3 INTERFERENCES
• 9.4 REQUIRED DATA
• 9.5 CALCULATIONS
• 10.0 FLOCCULATED/DISPERSED SUSPENDED SOLIDS TESTING FOR SECONDARY CLARIFIERS
• 10.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION
• 10.2 APPLICATION
• 10.3 APPARATUS AND MATERIALS
• 10.4 PROCEDURE
• 10.5 INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS
• 11.0 CENTRIFUGE METHOD FOR ESTIMATING SUSPENDED MATTER
• 11.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION
• 11.2 APPLICATION
• 11.3 INTERFERENCES
• 11.4 APPARATUS AND MATERIALS
• 11.5 SAMPLE COLLECTION, PRESERVATION, AND HOLDING TIMES
• 11.6 QUALITY ASSURANCE AND QUALITY CONTROL
• 11.7 PROCEDURE
• 11.8 CALCULATIONS
• 12.0 SETTLEABLE SOLIDS
• 12.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION
• 12.2 PROCEDURE
• 12.3 INTERFERENCES
• 13.0 TOTAL SUSPENDED SOLIDS
• 13.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION
• 13.2 APPLICATION
• 13.3 INTERFERENCES
• 13.4 APPARATUS AND MATERIALS
• 13.5 REAGENTS
• 13.6 STOCK AND STANDARDS
• 13.7 QUALITY ASSURANCE AND QUALITY CONTROL.
• 13.8 SAMPLE COLLECTION, PRESERVATION, AND HOLDING TIMES.

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ISBN

• 1-57278-345-1
• 1-5231-2045-2

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