Clean ships, clean ports, clean oceans : controlling garbage and plastic wastes at sea / Committee on Shipborne Wastes, Marine Board, Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems, National Research Council.

Format
Book
Language
English
Εdition
1st ed.
Published/​Created
Washington, D.C. : National Academy Press, 1995.
Description
1 online resource (379 p.)

Details

Subject(s)
Related name
Notes
Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph
Bibliographic references
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Language note
English
Contents
  • CLEAN SHIPS CLEAN PORTS CLEAN OCEANS
  • Copyright
  • Preface
  • ORIGIN OF THE STUDY
  • SCOPE OF THE STUDY
  • STUDY METHODS AND REPORT ORGANIZATION
  • ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
  • REFERENCES
  • Terminology and Acronyms
  • TERMINOLOGY
  • ACRONYMS
  • Contents
  • EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
  • SOURCES OF VESSEL GARBAGE
  • FATES AND EFFECTS OF MARINE DEBRIS
  • THE COMMITTEE'S ANALYSIS
  • THE VESSEL GARBAGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
  • EDUCATION AND TRAINING
  • OVERARCHING ISSUES
  • RECOMMENDATIONS FOR GOVERNMENT ACTION
  • Legislative Actions
  • Improve Management of Vessel Garbage
  • National Leadership
  • Sustained Education and Training
  • Model Programs
  • Federal Agency Actions
  • Coast Guard
  • Department of State (DOS)
  • Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
  • National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
  • U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)
  • Maritime Administration (MARAD)
  • 1 Dimensions of the Challenge and U.S. Progress
  • INTERNATIONAL AND U.S. MANDATES
  • Missions of U.S. Government Agencies
  • PROGRESS IN U.S. IMPLEMENTATION OF ANNEX V
  • Case Histories
  • U.S. Navy Compliance
  • State Initiatives
  • Pilot Programs by Community and Environmental Groups
  • Special Situations: The Gulf of Mexico
  • THE CHALLENGES AHEAD
  • 2 Sources, Fates, and Effects of Shipborne Garbage
  • IDENTIFYING VESSEL GARBAGE IN THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT
  • SOURCES OF SHIPBORNE GARBAGE
  • Recreational Boats
  • Commercial Fisheries
  • Cargo Ships
  • Passenger Day Boats and Ferries
  • Small Public Vessels
  • Offshore Industry Rigs, Platforms, and Supply Vessels
  • Navy Surface Combatant Vessels
  • Passenger Cruise Ships
  • Research Vessels
  • FATES OF SHIPBORNE GARBAGE
  • General Observations
  • Implications for Special Areas
  • Implications for Implementation of Annex V
  • ENVIRONMENTAL AND PHYSICAL EFFECTS OF MARINE DEBRIS
  • Human Health Problems.
  • Ecological Effects
  • Entanglement of Marine Animals
  • Ingestion of Plastics by Marine Species
  • Ghost Fishing
  • SUMMARY
  • 3 Implementation
  • HAZARD EVOLUTION MODEL
  • ADAPTING THE MODEL TO VESSEL GARBAGE MANAGEMENT
  • Interventions to Remedy the Hazard
  • Technological Innovations
  • Organizational and Operational Changes
  • Educational Communication
  • Government and Private Regulation and Enforcement
  • Economic Incentives
  • Application of the Model to the Seafarer Communities
  • A Final Modification to the Model
  • 4 Elements of an Implementation Strategy
  • INTRODUCTION
  • ANALYSIS OF INTERVENTIONS
  • Recreational Boats and Their Marinas
  • Intelligence
  • Control
  • Analysis of Interventions
  • Commercial Fisheries and Their Fleet Ports
  • Cargo Ships and Their Itinerary Ports
  • Passenger Day Boats, Ferries, and Their Terminals
  • Offshore Platforms, Rigs, Supply Vessels, and Base Terminals
  • Navy Surface Combatant Vessels and Their Home Ports
  • Passenger Cruise Ships and Their Itinerary Ports
  • Research Vessels and Their Ports of Call
  • 5 Integrating Vessel and Shoreside Garbage Management
  • PRINCIPLES OF INTEGRATED WASTE MANAGEMENT
  • SHIPBOARD TECHNOLOGIES AND PRACTICES
  • Source Reduction
  • On-Board Storage
  • Shoreside Recycling
  • Treatment/Destruction
  • Compactors
  • Comminuters, Pulpers, and Shredders.
  • Incinerators
  • Enhancing Shipboard Technology Development and Use
  • GARBAGE MANAGEMENT IN PORTS
  • Garbage Management Strategies
  • ENHANCING THE VESSEL GARBAGE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
  • Quarantine Requirements
  • Port Accountability
  • Liability
  • Who Should Pay?
  • 6 Education and Training
  • OVERVIEW OF OPPORTUNITIES FOR EDUCATION AND TRAINING
  • Types of Education and Training
  • Public Awareness Campaigns
  • Education and Training for Employees and Visitors
  • Management Education and Training
  • EXPERIENCE BASE RELATED TO ANNEX V
  • Marine Debris Information Offices
  • Sea Grant Activities
  • Efforts Targeting Boaters
  • Port Projects
  • Efforts Involving Industry
  • Programs Involving Government Fleets and Personnel
  • Public Awareness Programs
  • International Efforts
  • Information Exchange
  • A MODEL ANNEX V EDUCATION AND TRAINING PROGRAM
  • THE FEDERAL ROLE IN ANNEX V EDUCATION AND TRAINING
  • Leadership
  • Secure Funding
  • Innovation
  • 7 Overarching Issues Affecting Annex V Implementation
  • THE NEED FOR LEADERSHIP
  • U.S. ENFORCEMENT OF ANNEX V
  • Options for Improving Annex V Enforcement
  • Clarify Extent of Port State Authorities
  • Simplify Handling of Civil Cases
  • Track and Punish Repeat Violators
  • Monitor Garbage Handling Practices
  • Surveillance by Government Authorities
  • Surveillance by Ship Operators
  • Surveillance by Citizens
  • ISSUES RELATED TO SPECIAL AREAS
  • Implementation of Annex V in the Wider Caribbean
  • 8 Measuring Progress in Implementation of Annex V
  • RECORD KEEPING AS A MEASURE OF IMPLEMENTATION
  • Assessing Annex V Implementation Internationally
  • ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING
  • Surveys of Beach Debris
  • Monitoring Trends in Biological Impacts
  • Monitoring Plastics in the Marine Environment
  • Beach Surveys of Plastic Debris.
  • Benthic Surveys of Plastic Debris
  • Sampling Sites and Frequencies
  • Data Collection and Management
  • 9 National Strategy
  • IDENTIFYING AND EVALUATING STRATEGIES AND TACTICS
  • STRATEGY FOR EACH MARITIME SECTOR
  • Small Public Vessels and Their Home Ports
  • Offshore Platforms, Rigs, Supply Vessels, and Their Shore Bases
  • 10 Federal Action to Improve Implementation of Annex V
  • SCIENTIFIC MONITORING
  • VESSEL/SHORE INTERFACE
  • ON-BOARD TECHNOLOGIES
  • ENFORCEMENT
  • NATIONAL LEADERSHIP
  • APPENDIXES
  • APPENDIX A Committee on Shipborne Wastes Biographical Information
  • APPENDIX B Annex V of MARPOL 73/78 Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Garbage from Ships
  • Regulation 1
  • Regulation 2
  • Regulation 3
  • Regulation 4
  • Regulation 5
  • Regulation 6
  • Regulation 7
  • Guidelines for the implementation of Annex V of 73/78
  • 1 Introduction and definitions
  • 2 Training, education and information
  • 3 Minimizing the amount of potential garbage
  • 4 Shipboard garbage handling and storage procedures
  • 5 Shipboard equipment for processing garbage
  • 6 Port reception facilities for garbage
  • 7 Ensuring compliance with Annex V
  • Appendix Form for reporting alleged inadequacy of port reception facilities for garbage
  • Revised Guidelines for the Implementation of Annex V of MARPOL 73/78
  • Annex
  • Appendix 2 Standard specification for shipboard incinerators
  • 1 Scope
  • 2 Definitions
  • 3 Materials and manufacture
  • 4 Operating requirements.
  • 5 Operating controls
  • 6 Other requirements
  • 7 Tests
  • 8 Certification
  • 9 Marking
  • 10 Quality Assurance
  • A1 - Emission standard for shipboard incinerators with capacities of up to 1,160 kW
  • Minimum information to be provided
  • A2 - Fire protection requirements for incinerators and waste stowage spaces
  • A3 - Incinerators integrated with heat recovery units
  • A4 - Flue gas temperature
  • APPENDIX C The International Law of the Sea: Implications for Annex V Implementation
  • FLAG STATE RIGHTS AND RESPONSIBILITIES
  • COASTAL STATE AUTHORITIES
  • PORT STATE CONTROL
  • LIMITS ON NATIONAL AUTHORITIES: SAFEGUARDS FOR INTERNATIONAL SHIPPING
  • MORE GENERAL OBLIGATIONS
  • STRENGTHENING THE FORCE OF IMO RULES
  • APPENDIX D Time Line for U.S. Implementation of Annex V
  • APPENDIX E Characteristics of Annex V Special Areas
  • CHARACTERISTICS OF SPECIAL AREAS
  • Antarctic Ocean
  • The Baltic Sea
  • Black Sea
  • Caribbean Sea
  • Gulf of Mexico
  • The Mediterranean Sea
  • North Sea
  • Persian Gulf
  • Red Sea
  • APPENDIX F Ecological Effects of Marine Debris
  • GENERAL EFFECTS ON ECOSYSTEMS
  • ENTANGLEMENT OF MARINE SPECIES
  • INGESTION OF PLASTICS BY MARINE SPECIES
  • GHOST FISHING
  • DATA ON ECOLOGICAL EFFECTS
  • Index.
ISBN
  • 9786610193509
  • 9780309176774
  • 0309176778
  • 9781280193507
  • 1280193506
  • 9780309587280
  • 030958728X
  • 9780585158716
  • 0585158711
OCLC
  • 614584123
  • 923261457
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