LEADER 03814cam a2200421Ii 4500001 99117660663506421 005 20240509071836.0 008 190901s2019 cau b 000 0 eng d 020 1977402607 |qpaperback 020 9781977402608 |qpaperback 035 |9(YDXIT)16418653 035 (NjP)11766066-princetondb 035 |z(NjP)Voyager11766066 035 (OCoLC)on1114560711 040 YDX |beng |erda |cYDX |dBDX |dRSM |dOCLCO |dOCLCF |dYDXIT |dZYU 043 e-ru---a-cc---n-us--- 050 4 U163 |b.M393 2019 082 04 355.3434 |223 100 1 Mazarr, Michael J., |d1965- |eauthor. |0http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n88041898 245 10 Hostile social manipulation : |bpresent realities and emerging trends / |cMichael J. Mazarr [and 6 others]. 264 1 Santa Monica, Calif. : |bRAND Corporation, |c[2019] 300 xx, 282 pages ; |c23 cm 336 text |btxt |2rdacontent 337 unmediated |bn |2rdamedia 338 volume |bnc |2rdacarrier 504 Includes bibliographical references. 505 0 Introduction: Information and Democracy-A Perilous Relationship -- Understanding Social Manipulation: Definitions and Typologies -- Hostile Social Manipulation: Russian Activities -- Hostile Social Manipulation: Chinese Activities -- Does Hostile Social Manipulation Work? Measures of Success in -- Russian Activities in Europe and the United States -- Hostile Social Manipulation: The Experience to Date-Conclusions and Implications. 520 The role of information warfare in global strategic competition has become much more apparent in recent years. Today's practitioners of what this report's authors term hostile social manipulation employ targeted social media campaigns, sophisticated forgeries, cyberbullying and harassment of individuals, distribution of rumors and conspiracy theories, and other tools and approaches to cause damage to the target state. These emerging tools and techniques represent a potentially significant threat to U.S. and allied national interests. This report represents an effort to better define and understand the challenge by focusing on the activities of the two leading authors of such techniques-Russia and China. The authors conduct a detailed assessment of available evidence of Russian and Chinese social manipulation efforts, the doctrines and strategies behind such efforts, and evidence of their potential effectiveness. RAND analysts reviewed English-, Russian-, and Chinese-language sources; examined national security strategies and policies and military doctrines; surveyed existing public-source evidence of Russian and Chinese activities; and assessed multiple categories of evidence of effectiveness of Russian activities in Europe, including public opinion data, evidence on the trends in support of political parties and movements sympathetic to Russia, and data from national defense policies. The authors find a growing commitment to tools of social manipulation by leading U.S. competitors. The findings in this report are sufficient to suggest that the U.S. government should take several immediate steps, including developing a more formal and concrete framework for understanding the issue and funding additional research to understand the scope of the challenge. 650 0 Information warfare |zRussia (Federation). 650 0 Information warfare |zChina. 650 0 Social media |zRussia (Federation). 650 0 Social media |zChina. 650 0 Propaganda |zRussia (Federation). 650 0 Propaganda |zChina. 650 0 National security |zUnited States. |0http://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85140387 902 dws |bm |6a |7m |dv |f1 |e20200304 914 (OCoLC)on1114560711 |bOCoLC |cmatch |d20240508 |eprocessed |f1114560711